Plai Essential Oil (Zingiber montanum)
Overview
Plai may also be referred to as Plai, Central. It is typically processed using steam or hydro distillation as a method for extracting oil from the rhizomes (roots).
Summary
Plai belongs to the same family as Ginger. As with Ginger, Plai Essential Oil is steam distilled from the rhizomes (roots). The distillation of fresh roots produces an essential oil that tends to be more aromatically pleasing than when the dried roots are distilled.
Plai Essential Oil is gaining increased recognition for its ability to assist in pain management, especially for chronic conditions. It is particularly abundant in Monoterpenes and Monoterpenols, and it can also be helpful when incorporated into blends and formulations intended for respiratory and antibacterial support. (See the Plai Essential Oil Uses section below for more details.)
Aromatically, Plai Essential Oil is reminiscent toGinger Essential Oil. Its aroma is pleasantly spicy with woody and peppery characteristics. It tends to blend well aromatically with the same essential oils that Ginger does, including essential oils in the citrus, floral, mint, wood and spice families.
Emotionally, Plai Essential Oil is an energizing essential oil that is particularly nice to use when feeling lethargic or sluggish.

Essential Facts
- Aroma Description:
- Common Name(s): Plai, Central
- Botanical Family: Zingiberaceae
- Botanical Genus: Zingiber
- Chemical Family: Monoterpenes, Monoterpenols
- Major Compounds: Terpinen-4-ol, Sabinene, Gamma-Terpinene, (E)-1-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)butadiene, a-Terpinene, B-Pinene
- Perfumery Note: Top-Middle
- Consistency: Thin
- Strength of Initial Aroma: Medium
- Color: Clear to Pale Yellow
- Cultivation: Wild Harvested
- Processing Methods: Steam or Hydro Distillation
- Part Typically Used: Rhizomes (Roots)
- Shelf Life: 4 years
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Wild Harvested
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Vegan
Essential Details
Benefits & Uses
Therapeutic Benefits of Plai:
Analgesic
Anti-bacterial
Anti-fungal
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-septic
Anti-viral
Carminative
Cooling
Digestive tonic
Energizing
Insect Repellent
Stomachic
Tonic
Blends
Plai Blends:
Cautions & Safety
Cautions when using Plai:
Tisserand and Young do not indicate any special precautions when using Plai Essential Oil. Reading Tisserand and Young's full profile is recommended. [Robert Tisserand and Rodney Young, Essential Oil Safety (Second Edition. United Kingdom: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, 2014), 400.]
Safety Precautions for Plai:
Do not take any oils internally and do not apply undiluted essential oils, absolutes, CO2s or other concentrated essences onto the skin without advanced essential oil knowledge or consultation from a qualified aromatherapy practitioner. If you are pregnant, epileptic, have liver damage, have cancer, or have any other medical problem, use oils only under the proper guidance of a qualified aromatherapy practitioner. Use extreme caution when using oils with children and be sure to first read the recommended dilution ratios for children. Consult a qualified aromatherapy practitioner before using oils with children, the elderly, if you have medical issues or are taking medications. For in-depth information on oil safety issues, read Essential Oil Safety by Robert Tisserand and Rodney Young.
Energetic, Spiritual, and Emotional Qualities
Energetics and Chakras Qualites of Plai:
1st Chakra - Survival and Support
3rd Chakra - Personal Power
Balancing
Energizing
Grounding
Protective
Purifying
Articles
Plai Articles or Publications:
- PubMed: Properties of macerated herbal oil.
- PubMed: Bactericidal activity of herbal volatile oil extracts against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.
- PubMed: Anti-inflammatory activity of niosomes entrapped with Plai oil (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) by therapeutic ultrasound in a rat model.
- PubMed: In vitro synergistic antibacterial activity of the essential oil from Zingiber cassumunar Roxb against extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains.
- PubMed: Development of Microemulsion Delivery System of Essential Oil from Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. Rhizome for Improvement of Stability and Anti-Inflammatory Activity.
- PubMed: Pharmacokinetics of Compound D, the Major Bioactive Component of Zingiber cassumunar, in Rats.
- PubMed: Effects of Zingiber cassumunar (Plai cream) in the treatment of delayed onset muscle soreness.
- PubMed: (E)-4-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-ol Enhances Melanogenesis through Increasing Upstream Stimulating Factor-1-Mediated Tyrosinase Expression.
- PubMed: Topical Niosome Gel of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. Extract for Anti-inflammatory Activity Enhanced Skin Permeation and Stability of Compound D.
- PubMed: Zingiber cassumunar ROXb. and its active constituent inhibit MMP-9 direct activation by house dust mite allergens and MMP-9 expression in PMA-stimulated human airway epithelial cells.
- PubMed: Crude ethanolic extracts of Zingiber cassumunar ROXB. inhibit PMA-induced MUC2 and MUC5AC expression via ERK inhibition in human airway epithelial cells.
- PubMed: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics for discrimination of Curcuma longa, Curcuma xanthorrhiza and Zingiber cassumunar.
- PubMed: Formulation, physicochemical characterization, and in vitro study of chitosan/HPMC blends-based herbal blended patches.
- PubMed: Repellency of essential oils extracted from Thai native plants against Aedes aegypti (Linn.) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say).
- PubMed: Excito-repellency of essential oils against an Aedes aegypti (L.) field population in Thailand.
- PubMed: Larvicidal and pupicidal activities of essential oils from Zingiberaceae plants against Aedes aegypti (Linn.) and Culex quinquefasciatus say mosquitoes.
- PubMed: Genetic diversity and gene differentiation among ten species of Zingiberaceae from Eastern India.
- PubMed: Safety Evaluation of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. Rhizome Extract: Acute and Chronic Toxicity Studies in Rats.
- PubMed: Pediculicidal effect of herbal shampoo against Pediculus humanus capitis in vitro.
- PubMed: A Phenylbutenoid Dimer, cis-3-(3',4'-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4-[(E)-3''',4'''-Dimethoxystyryl] Cyclohex-1-ene, Exhibits Apoptogenic Properties in T-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells via Induction of p53-Independent Mitochondrial Signalling Pathway.
- PubMed: Total and inorganic arsenic contents in some edible zingiberaceous rhizomes in Thailand.
- PubMed: Characterization and in vitro permeation study of microemulsions and liquid crystalline systems containing the anticholinesterase alkaloidal extract from Tabernaemontana divaricata.
- PubMed: Encapsulation of plai oil/2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) electrospun nanofibers for topical application.
- PubMed: The efficacy of Plygersic gel for use in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee.
- PubMed: Thin-layer chromatography-densitometry analysis of dimethoxyphenylbutadiene content in Zingiber cassumunar rhizomes.
- PubMed: Inhibitory effect of Zingiber cassumunar extracts on lipopolysaccharide-induced cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase expression in human gingival fibroblasts.
- PubMed: Enhancement of anti-cholinesterase activity of Zingiber cassumunar essential oil using a microemulsion technique.
- PubMed: Dermal pharmacokinetics of Terpinen-4-ol following topical administration of Zingiber cassumunar (plai) oil.
- PubMed: Angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory proteins and peptides from the rhizomes of Zingiberaceae plants.
- PubMed: Inhibitory effect of phenylbutanoid-rich Zingiber cassumunar extracts on nitric oxide production by murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells.
- PubMed: Antimicrobial activity and essential oils of Curcuma aeruginosa, Curcuma mangga, and Zingiber cassumunar from Malaysia.
- PubMed: Active compound of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. down-regulates the expression of genes involved in joint erosion in a human synovial fibroblast cell line.
- PubMed: Invasion inhibitors of human fibrosarcoma HT 1080 cells from the rhizomes of Zingiber cassumunar: structures of phenylbutanoids, cassumunols.
- PubMed: Insect repellent activity of medicinal plant oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn.), Anopheles minimus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say based on protection time and biting rate.
- PubMed: Characterization of potent anticholinesterase plant oil based microemulsion.
- PubMed: Quantitative analysis and toxicity determination of artifacts originated in a Thai traditional medicine Prasaplai.
- PubMed: Structures of new phenylbutanoids and nitric oxide production inhibitors from the rhizomes of Zingiber cassumunar.
- PubMed: Cellular transport of anti-inflammatory pro-drugs originated from a herbal formulation of Zingiber cassumunar and Nigella sativa.
- PubMed: Differentiation of configurations of the phenylbutenoid dimer derivatives from Zingiber cassumunar by tandem mass spectrometry.
- PubMed: Potent modulation of P-glycoprotein activity by naturally occurring phenylbutenoids from Zingiber cassumunar.
- PubMed: A study on artifacts formation in the Thai traditional medicine Prasaplai.
- PubMed: Rapid screening of bioactive components from Zingiber cassumunar using elution-extrusion counter-current chromatography.
- PubMed: Development of SCAR (sequence-characterized amplified region) markers as a complementary tool for identification of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) from crude drugs and multicomponent formulations.
- PubMed: Growth inhibition and induction of G1 phase cell cycle arrest in human lung cancer cells by a phenylbutenoid dimer isolated from Zingiber cassumunar.
- PubMed: In vitro antimicrobial activity of Zingiber cassumunar (Plai) oil and a 5% Plai oil gel.
- PubMed: Anti-allergic activity of some selected plants in the Zingiberaceae family.
- PubMed: Mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 by Indonesian medicinal plants.
- PubMed: A mild conversion of phenylpropropnoid into rare phenylbutanoids: (E)-4-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)but-1,3-diene and (E)-4-(2,4,5-trimethozypheny)but-1-ene occuring in Zingiber cassumunar.
- PubMed: Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory phenylbutenoids from the rhizomes of Zingiber cassumunar.
- PubMed: Preparative isolation and purification of two phenylbutenoids from the rhizomes of Zingiber cassumunar by upright counter-current chromatography.
- PubMed: New fatty acid esters originate during storage by the interaction of components in prasaplai, a Thai traditional medicine.
- PubMed: A new cytotoxic phenylbutenoid dimer from the rhizomes of Zingiber cassumunar.
- PubMed: Sulfur free radical reactivity with curcumin as reference for evaluating antioxidant properties of medicinal zingiberales.
- PubMed: Anti-inflammatory activity of (E)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) butadiene from Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.
- PubMed: Anti-tumour promoter activity in Malaysian ginger rhizobia used in traditional medicine.
- PubMed: New curcuminoids isolated from Zingiber cassumunar protect cells suffering from oxidative stress: a flow-cytometric study using rat thymocytes and H2O2.
- PubMed: Anti-inflammatory activity of compound D {(E)-4-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-2-ol} isolated from Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.
- PubMed: Topical antiinflammatory activity of the major lipophilic constituents of the rhizome of Zingiber cassumunar. Part II: Hexane extractives.
- PubMed: Topical antiinflammatory activity of the major lipophilic constituents of the rhizome of Zingiber cassumunar. Part I: The essential oil.
- PubMed: Possible anti-tumour promoting properties of traditional Thai food items and some of their active constituents.
- PubMed: Anti-inflammatory effect of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. and its active principles.
- PubMed: A uterine relaxant compound from Zingiber cassumunar.